Independent System Operators (ISOs) and Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) across North America are implementing framework changes to comply with FERC Order 2222, enabling the aggregation of behind-the-meter resources like batteries and EVs. California leads with over 42 GW of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) capacity, while other regions are at various stages of integration, with some expected to fully implement by 2029-2030. This transition aims to create flexible, dispatchable reserves to enhance grid reliability and reduce reliance on traditional peaker plants.
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